Unit 6: Going Green. Grammar! 2/2

Hoy vamos a ver una cosa muy importante en inglés: ¡las condicionales! Y como es muy importante, la explicación va a estar en español; pero no os acostumbréis, ¿eh? 😜

Primero, tenemos que tener claro qué es una condicional, tanto en inglés como en español. Una condicional es un tipo de frase que se usa para expresar acciones o situaciones hipotéticas; es decir, no estamos hablando de la realidad, sino de lo que podría pasar si se dan unas condiciones concretas. Ejemplos:

“Si estudias mucho, aprobarás el curso”.

“Si fuera más alta, jugaría al baloncesto”.

Como vemos en los ejemplos, el uso del condicional significa que una acción depende de otra. Los condicionales se utilizan para hablar sobre situaciones reales o irreales. En general, las frases condicionales llevan la palabra “if” (literalmente, “si”, ¡pero el que no lleva acento!).

Ten en cuenta que no existe un tiempo verbal para el condicional en inglés como existe en español. A la vez, se usa el verbo auxiliar “would” para formar el condicional en inglés.

Hay cuatro tipos de condicionales, ¡pero nosotros solo vamos a ver dos! J

First Condicional/Primera condicional

Este tipo de condicional se utiliza para el futuro y en los casos en que es muy probable que la condición pasará. Se forma con If + subject + present simple + subject + future simple

If	Condition	Result
If	Present Simple	Future Simple (“will”)

Examples!

“If Bill studies, he will pass the exam. / Bill will pass the exam if he studies.”

(Si Bill estudia, aprobará el examen. / Bill aprobará el examen si (él) estudia.”)

 If it doesn’t rain, we will go to the beach. / We will go to the beach if it doesn’t rain.

(Si no llueve, iremos a la playa.                    / Iremos a la playa si no llueve)

 Will you take the train if you miss the bus? / If you miss the bus, will you take the train?

(¿Cogerás el tren si pierdes el bus?                / Si (tú) pierdes el bus, ¿cogerás el tren?)

¡Ojo! Esto es como las matemáticas; puedes poner la frase con will delante o detrás de la frase con if, no altera el resultado. ¡Pero nada de mezclar las dos!

Second Conditional / Segunda Condicional

Este tipo de condicional se usa para expresar una posibilidad irreal en el presente, como un deseo o un sueño, o para una acción en el futuro no tan probable. Se forma con If + sujeto + past simple + sujeto + would + infinitive:

If	Condition	Result
If	Past Simple	Would + infinitive

Examples!

If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world. / I would travel around the world if I won the lottery.

(Si ganara la lotería, viajaría alrededor del mundo.    / (Yo) viajaría alrededor del mundo si ganara la lotería.)

If Rachel had more time, she would learn to play the guitar. / Rachel would learn to play the guitar if she had more time.

(Si Rachel tuviera más tiempo, aprendería a tocar la guitarra. /Rachel aprendería a tocar la guitarra si (ella) tuviera más tiempo.)

Would you be happy if you were to get married? / If you were to get married, would you be happy?

(¿Serías feliz si te casaras?                                             / Si te casaras, ¿serías feliz?)

And now… exercises! You download the explanation and exercises here, or go to Live Worksheets and do them online. In any case, you have until SUNDAY 26 to finish them.

Unit 6: How much? Grammar!

Today we are starting unit 6 in our books, and it is related to money and commerce. The grammar of this unit is very simple; we will be seeing the relative pronouns and the defining and non-defining relative clauses.

Relative pronouns introduce relative clauses. The most common relative pronouns are who, whom, whose, which, that. The relative pronoun we use depends on what we are referring to and the type of relative clause.

who/that	people and sometimes pet animals	defining and non-defining
which/that	animals and things	defining and non-defining; clause referring to a whole sentence
where	places	defining and non-defining
whose	possessive meaning; for people and animals usually; sometimes for things in formal situations	defining and non-defining
whom	people in formal styles or in writing; often with a preposition; rarely in conversation; used instead of who if who is the object	defining and non-defining
when	time	defining and non-defining

(In the examples, the relative pronoun is in brackets to show where it is not essential; the person or thing being referred to is underlined.)

We don’t know the person who donated this money.
We drove past my old school, which is celebrating its 100th anniversary this year.
He went to the school (that) my father went to.
The Kingfisher group, whose name was changed from Woolworths earlier this year, includes about 720 high street shops. Superdrug, which last week announced that it is buying Medicare, is also part of the group.
The parents (whom/who/that) we interviewed were all involved in education in some way.

Defining relative clauses

We use defining relative clauses to give essential information about someone or something – information that we need in order to understand what or who is being referred to. A defining relative clause usually comes immediately after the noun it describes.

We usually use a relative pronoun (e.g. who, that, which, whose and whom) to introduce a defining relative clause (In the examples, the relative clause is in bold, and the person or thing being referred to is underlined.):

They’re the people who want to buy our house.
Here are some cells which have been affected.
They should give the money to somebody who they think needs the treatment most.

Non-defining relative clauses

We use non-defining relative clauses to give extra information about the person or thing. It is not necessary information. We don’t need it to understand who or what is being referred to.

We always use a relative pronoun (who, which, whose or whom) to introduce a non-defining relative clause (In the examples, the relative clause is in bold, and the person or thing being referred to is underlined.)

Clare, who I work with, is doing the London marathon this year.
Doctors use the testing kit for regular screening for lung and stomach cancers, which account for 70% of cancers treated in the western world.
Alice, who has worked in Brussels and London ever since leaving Edinburgh, will be starting a teaching course in the autumn.

After reading carefully the explanation, go to liveworksheets.com and do the homework you have been assigned. You have until Monday at 10:10 to do it.

Have a nice weekend!

Unit 6: How much? Vocabulary!

Here you can find a fun way to review vocabulary: flashcards! Just click on the links to do them. Have fun! ☺️

Nouns 
Verbs 
Expressions & Adjective

Project: Shrink your Carbon Footprint!

Hello guys!

For this weekend, we have a special project: we are going to learn about our carbon footprint, and how to reduce it. First of all, watch this video:

Link to the test.
It's pretty easy, huh? Here you have the table in .docx, in .pdf and an extra video to learn a little bit more about things we can do to shrink our footprint.

Do not forget to send the screenshot of your carbon footprint and the completed table to englishcandavera@gmail.com or upload it to the digital classroom. It will count for your mark!

See you soon! 💛

P.S. In the video, it a appears a clip with a very big "EXAMPLE" and then, nothing. It is a mistake of the video editor, sorry 🤷🏻‍♀

Homework 19/03/2020

Hello guys;

From today onwards, we are using a new app to practice our grammar and vocabulary: https://www.liveworksheets.com/ I have seen that some of you have already started working on it, well done! 😉

It's like a workbook, but online and with automatic feedback. Everytime you do a worksheet, you automatically receive feedback and a mark. Also, I can see when you enter in the app and how much effort you put on it.

By now, you should have received an email with your username and password. If you haven't, please get in touch with me in englishcandavera@gmail.com . The virtual classroom and educacyl mails are not working properly all the time.

Here you have the manual with the instructions on how to use the app and everything: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1e4MudB2lE5HEzx4CF6DytCkiVbpT58Il/view

For now, you have to do the worksheets you have assigned for Monday. This means that you have all your weekend to do them. On Monday we will start working on something new!

If you have any doubts, please write to me! I'll be happy to help.

Have a nice weekend!

Liveworksheets

We are going to start working with a new tool in our classes. Please, check your emails and read this manual to learn how to use it. It's important!

St. Patrick's Day!

As you may know, the 17^th of March Ireland celebrates its national day and Patron Saint. But, what do you really know about Saint Patrick’s Day? Let’s learn a little bit more about it!

After you watch the videos, go to this questionnaire and complete it. Don't forget to write your name, it will count for your final mark!

Happy St. Patrick's Day, everyone! 🍀🍀🍀